Trade in ICT Goods and the 2015 Expansion of the WTO Information Technology Agreement

UN CTA UNITED NATIONS TRADE IN ICT GOODS AND THE 2015 EXPANSION OF THE WTO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AGREEMENT UNCTAD Technical Notes ICT Development ˚5 1 UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION ON TECHNOLOGY AND LOGISTICS SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ICT BRANCH ICT ANALYSIS SECTION TECHNICAL NOTE NO 5 UNEDITED TN/UNCTAD/ICT4D/05 DECEMBER 2015 Trade ICT Goods 2015 Expansion WTO Information Technology Agreement Main Findings WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) extended July 2015 goal expanding number products enjoy duty free treatment imported economies members agreement. note comparison trade ICT goods defined Partnership Measuring ICT Development trade goods covered revised ITA agreement. Equivalent market $3 trillion, goods covered original ITA (ITA ) revised ITA list (ITA II) represent (18%) world merchandise imports. expanded agreement 54 participants 2013 accounted 87% world imports 94% world exports goods covered ITA +II. shares global ICT goods imports exports 88% 94% . developing transition economies signed ITA ITA II. ITA II member Commonwealth Independent States, Africa (Mauritius) Latin America (Colombia, Costa Rica Guatemala). Developing Asian economies represented, ITA . product codes included revised ITA covered ICT goods definition. fact, ICT goods quarter product codes listed ITA +II. , account - thirds imports ITA +II goods. -ITA II members highest share ITA +II goods total merchandise imports : Mexico (27%), Viet Nam (26%), Paraguay (21%), Mozambique (15%), Brazil (14%), South Africa (13%), Argentina (13%), Russian Federation (13%) Rwanda (13%). China, Hong Kong (China) United States top exporters importers ITA +II goods. Mexico Viet Nam largest exporters goods participating ITA II. result Favoured Nation principle, exports WTO members enjoy duty free treatment listed goods markets covered ITA II agreement fully implemented. analysis note confined statistical comparison trade flows tariff levels. full assessment impact ITA revision member -member economies, broader analysis required. 2 Introduction Information Technology Agreement (ITA) sector-specific plurilateral trade agreement objective eliminate import duties list goods (ITA goods). adopted 1997 (ITA ) subsequently revised extended 2015 (ITA II). ITA 81 members.1 December 2015, ITA II 54 participants, members ITA .2 agreements aim gradually eliminate tariffs ITA goods imports originating WTO member. result, exports -ITA WTO members benefit reduced import tariffs ITA member economies. ITA II implemented participating economies 2016-2019. gradually eliminate duties revised list ITA goods (ITA II goods).3 November 2015, precise modalities gradual elimination discussion. ITA II goods defined list -digit product codes classified Harmonized System (HS), version HS2007. product codes partially covered agreement. addition, agreement includes list specific goods, -called "attachment " products, HS2007 code. Products HS2007 code included analysis, partially covered codes fully included. ITA II list supplements updates ITA list goods. revision adds products, clarifies coverage goods initially included ITA undergone substantial technological progress terms allocation HS. note refers ITA list goods ITA +II list goods, encompasses 270 -digit HS2007 codes presently adopted. "ICT goods", , correspond list 95 products -digit level HS2007. originally defined OECD HS1996.4 definition adopted Partnership Measuring ICT Development 5, subsequently revised transposed HS2007 2010, adapted HS2012 UNCTAD collaboration UNSD (United Nations Statistics Division).6 selection principle ICT goods " intended fulfil function information processing communication electronic means, including transmission display" (OECD, 2011).7 definition, UNCTAD publishes annually trade ICT goods data UNCTADStat.8 1 counting includes European Union member, 28 member states. : https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/inftec_e/itscheds_e.htm. 2 Albania, Australia, Canada, China, Costa Rica, European Union 28 member states, Guatemala, Hong Kong SAR China, Iceland, Israel, Japan, Liechtenstein, Malaysia, Montenegro, Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Republic Korea, Singapore, Switzerland, Taiwan Province China, Thailand, United States (WTO WT//956, 2015). Subsequently, Colombia, Mauritius Turkey announced participation ITA II. 3 World Trade Organization (WTO) WT//956, 28 July 2015, Declaration Expansion Trade Information Technology Products, https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news15_e/wt--956_e.pdf. 4 OECD Guide Measuring Information Society 2011: http://www.oecd.org/document/22/0,3746,en_2649_34449_34508886_1_1_1_1,00&&en-USS_01DBC.html 5 http://measuring-ict.unctad.org. 6 technical note online : http://.unctad.org/Documents/ICT%20sector/Technical%20note%202%20HS2012%20update%20ICT%20goods.PDF. 7 OECD Guide Measuring Information Society 2011, OECD Publishing, Paris. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264113541-en 8 online free charge : http://stats.unctad.org/ict3ict4. 3 ITA included list goods product codes -digit level HS1996, list specific products, -called "attachment ", product code. note, analysis based transcoding HS2007 model ITA list9, includes fully-covered partially-covered product codes. total 144 unique -digit HS2007 product codes ITA 270 unique codes ITA +II. Mobile phones portable PCs examples products fully covered ITA included ITA II revision, carried ITA +II list. examples goods covered definitions listed table 1. Annex 1 detail HS2007 product codes covered definitions. Table 1. Examples goods covered ITA , ITA +II ICT goods definitions ITA (model list HS2007) ITA +II ( HS2007) ICT goods 950410 Video games kind television receiver 852721 Radio-broadcast receivers 852859 monitors, kind solely/principally automatic data processing system 852859 monitors, kind solely/principally automatic data processing system 853110 Burglar/fire alarms & similar apparatus 854071 Magnetrons Joint ICT ITA (full coverage) 851712 Telephones cellular networks 847130 Portable automatic data processing machines 854140 Photosensitive semiconductor devices 854231 Electronic integrated circuits, processors & controllers 851712 Telephones cellular networks 851762 Switching & routing apparatus Joint ICT ITA (partial coverage) 854231 Electronic integrated circuits, processors & controllers 854239 electronic integrated circuits 851770 Parts telephone sets 847330 Parts & accessories automatic data processing machines 847170 Storage units 854231 Electronic integrated circuits, processors & controllers ITA goods (partial coverage) 901380 optical appliances instruments 844399 Parts & accessories printing machinery 850440 Static converters 901380 optical appliances instruments 901890 electro-medical apparatus & sight-testing instruments 853690 Electrical apparatus switching/protecting electrical circuits/ making connections / electrical circuits ITA goods (full coverage) 854442 Electric conductors, fitted connectors 853224 Fixed electrical capacitors 381800 Chemical elements doped electronics 844399 Parts & accessories printing machinery 850440 Static converters 854442 Electric conductors, fitted connectors Source: UNCTAD based WT//956, JOB(07)/96 WT//956. ICT ITA goods compare original ITA covered 58% ICT goods product codes defined Partnership, including partially covered goods (figure 1).10 2015 revision, ITA +II includes 80% product codes included ICT goods definition. ITA II increased coverage consumer electronic equipment, video games, video recording reproduction apparatus, radio- broadcast receivers loudspeakers. ITA II clarified extended scope ICT goods partial full coverage. applies series intermediate goods underpin intra-industry trade ICT sector: electronic integrated circuits (including processors, controllers, 9 HS2007 Amendments Relation ITA Products Model List HS2007, technical note WTO secretariat, 25 June 2007, JOB(07)/96. 10 20% ICT goods product codes fully covered ITA HS2007 model list. 4 memories, amplifiers ), parts telephone sets switching routing equipment.11 time, ITA II includes products covered ICT goods definition, , medical appliances instruments magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines. fact, quarter ITA +II product codes defined ICT goods. comparison, 38% product codes ITA part ICT goods definition ( figure 1). Figure 1. Number product codes covered ITA , ITA +II ICT goods definition (-digit HS2007) Note: ITA based list products defined HS1996, product codes partially covered. ITA goods figure include unique -digit HS2007 product codes HS2007 ITA model list, WT//956 JOB(07)/96, including partially covered products. Source: UNCTAD based UN COMTRADE data. 11 reference HS2007 product code, ITA II attachment includes generation multi-component (MCO) semiconductors. 5 terms trade value12, , ICT goods represent bulk ITA goods imports (figure 2), share declined 74% (ITA ) 66% (ITA +II). Trade ICT goods grew dramatically decade, influence number factors, ITA, regional bilateral trade arrangements, rapid technological change emergence business models open source hardware. 2013, ITA +II goods represented 18% world merchandise imports, amounting $3 trillion. 99% global ICT goods imports covered ITA +II (78% fully covered). HS2007 ITA model list covered fully 28% ICT goods imports, 68% partially covered. Figure 2. Global imports ITA , ITA +II ICT goods, 2013, trillions dollars Note: ITA based list products defined HS1996, product codes partially covered. ITA goods figure include unique -digit HS2007 product codes HS2007 ITA model list, WT//956 JOB(07)/96, including partially covered products. Source: UNCTAD based UN COMTRADE data. 12 Including -exports trade European Union member states (intra-EU trade). 6 International trade ICT goods: share ITA II participants $1.8 trillion 94% world exports ICT goods (2013), participants revised ITA (ITA II) dominate trade sector (figure 3). ITA II participants 87% ICT goods exports economies participate ITA II. remaining 13% ($229 billion) ICT goods exports destined -ITA II markets. Figure 3. share ITA II participants international trade ICT goods, 2013 Source: UNCTAD based UN COMTRADE data. Differences exports imports due factors imports recorded cif (cost insurance freight) exports fob (free board), recording categories data quality issues. ITA II participants predominant market ICT goods exports -ITA II economies, share 83% ($96 billion). -discriminatory feature agreement, exports WTO member ITA II participant markets benefit duty-free treatment ITA II fully implemented. , 17% ($19 billion) ICT goods exports -ITA II participants sold -ITA II markets. estimated 12% ($251 billion) world imports ICT goods benefit ITA II deal, reduced tariffs ITA , bilateral regional preferential trade agreements. imports destined consumers developing countries. mentioned earlier, economy Commonwealth Independent States participates ITA II. economy Africa participates ITA II (Mauritius). Developing Asian economies represented, ITA . Figure 3 refers trade ICT goods. trade ITA +II goods share ITA II participants similar. 2013, ITA II participants accounted 94% global ITA +II goods exports 87% related imports. 7 Main importers ICT goods ITA +II goods top importers ICT goods main importers wider ITA +II goods category. Trade goods dominated intra-industry flows ITA II participants Asia – China, Hong Kong (China), Singapore, Japan Republic Korea – United States America European Union (table 2). Mexico -ITA II participant ICT imports $50 billion. absolute , imports ITA +II goods 2013 highest China, United States, Hong Kong (China) Germany. major -ITA II participants, imports ITA +II goods highest Mexico, India, Russian Federation, Viet Nam, Brazil, Indonesia Saudi Arabia. -ITA II participants featured table 2 members ITA . Table 2. Largest importers ICT goods, 2013 Top 10 ITA II participants imports ICT goods Economy ICT goods ($ million) ITA +II goods ($ million) ICT goods share total imports (%) ITA +II goods share total imports (%) China 400,669 594,097 21% 30% United States 301,745 422,552 13% 19% China, Hong Kong SAR 240,873 298,681 39% 48% Singapore 92,757 120,752 25% 32% Japan 90,742 131,696 11% 16% Germany 85,943 158,032 7% 13% Netherlands 63,551 94,681 13% 19% Republic Korea 53,846 96,308 10% 19% United Kingdom 51,668 81,599 8% 12% China, Taiwan Province 49,201 .. 18% .. Top 10 -ITA II participants imports ICT goods Economy ICT goods ($ million) ITA +II goods ($ million) ICT goods share total imports (%) ITA +II goods share total imports (%) Mexico 65,217 101,028 17% 27% India* 26,915 40,067 6% 9% Viet Nam* 26,313 34,107 20% 26% Russian Federation* 21,541 39,504 7% 13% Brazil 20,725 34,078 9% 14% Indonesia* 13,238 20,891 7% 11% Saudi Arabia* 12,134 18,410 7% 11% South Africa 8,453 13,885 8% 13% Chile 6,288 9,369 8% 12% Argentina 6,270 9,671 9% 13% Note: * Member ITA . ..Data . Source: UNCTAD based UN COMTRADE data. Table 3 shows economies data ranked share ITA +II goods total merchandise imports. ranking brings smaller economies high specialization imports 8 ITA +II goods. 10 ITA II participants specialized, goods covered ITA +II merchandise imports. -ITA II participants, Mexico, Viet Nam Paraguay stand highest share ICT goods ITA +II goods merchandise imports. economies, goods covered ITA +II account significantly higher share ICT goods. Mozambique, , explained imports gas/smoke apparatus chemical analysis, reached $970 billion 2013. Table 3. Top importers terms ITA +II goods share total merchandise trade, 2013 Top 10 ITA II participants share ITA II goods total merchandise imports Economy ICT goods ($ million) ITA +II goods ($ million) ICT goods share total imports (%) ITA +II goods share total imports (%) China, Hong Kong SAR 240,873 298,681 39% 48% Singapore 92,757 120,752 25% 32% China 400,669 594,097 21% 30% Malaysia 46,564 60,701 23% 29% Costa Rica 3,347 4,202 18% 23% Slovakia 11,572 18,026 14% 22% Hungary 14,897 21,665 15% 22% Czech Republic 19,562 29,934 14% 21% Netherlands 63,551 94,681 13% 19% Korea, Republic 53,846 96,308 10% 19% Top 10 -ITA II participants share ITA II goods total merchandise imports Economy ICT goods ($ million) ITA +II goods ($ million) ICT goods share total imports (%) ITA +II goods share total imports (%) Mexico 65,217 101,028 17% 27% Viet Nam* 26,313 34,107 20% 26% Paraguay 2,159 2,527 18% 21% Mozambique 304 1,530 3% 15% Brazil 20,725 34,078 9% 14% South Africa 8,453 13,885 8% 13% Argentina 6,270 9,671 9% 13% Russian Federation* 21,541 39,504 7% 13% Rwanda 120 213 7% 13% Peru* 3,403 5,235 8% 12% World 2,099,701 3,064,090 12% 18% Note: * Member ITA . Data missing Taiwan (province China) participates ITA ITA II. Source: UNCTAD based UN COMTRADE data. Main exporters ICT goods ITA +II goods Table 4 shows main exporters ICT goods, outlining top 10 ITA II participants, top -participating exporters. large share intra-industry trade, considerable overlap economies highlighted import side (table 2) export 9 side (table 4). ITA II participants, Malaysia stands large ICT goods exporter smaller importer products. -ITA II participants, India Tunisia feature top-10 ICT goods exporters top importers. -participants, Mexico Viet Nam good position benefit ITA II implementation. exports ITA II participants benefit duty-free treatment. ITA +II goods exports -ITA II ITA II participants, India, Indonesia, Russian Federation, South Africa, Tunisia Brazil favourable growth prospects ITA II implemented. Table 4. Largest exporters ICT goods, 2013 Top 10 ITA II participants exports ICT goods Economy ICT goods ($ million) ITA +II goods ($ million) ICT goods share total exports (%) ITA +II goods share total exports (%) China 605,756 762,794 27% 35% China, Hong Kong SAR 222,339 285,541 42% 53% United States 139,951 275,616 9% 17% Singapore 122,812 162,489 30% 40% Korea, Republic 107,127 175,748 19% 31% China, Taiwan Province 105,646 .. 35% .. Malaysia 64,407 77,287 28% 34% Germany 62,327 197,706 4% 14% Japan 61,813 163,071 9% 23% Netherlands 59,038 99,496 10% 17% Top 10 -ITA II participants exports ICT goods Economy ICT goods ($ million) ITA +II goods ($ million) ICT goods share total exports (%) ITA +II goods share total exports (%) Mexico 61,804 83,342 16% 22% Viet Nam* 32,395 35,210 25% 27% Indonesia* 6,600 9,664 4% 5% India* 5,358 11,018 2% 3% Russian Federation* 2,203 5,111 0% 1% Brazil 1,170 3,073 0% 1% South Africa 1,161 4,425 1% 5% Tunisia 997 3,568 6% 21% Saudi Arabia* 822 1,536 0% 0% Morocco* 630 .. 3% .. Note: * Member ITA . .. Data . Source: UNCTAD based UN COMTRADE data. Table 5 highlights economies highest specialization ITA +II goods exports. ITA II participants, goods represented merchandise exports 2013. economies specialized ICT goods exports. Japan, , ICT goods accounted 10 9% merchandise exports share ITA +II goods 23%. due considerable exports parts printing machinery, liquid crystal devices machines manufacture electronic integrated circuits. -ITA II participants, Viet Nam, Bermuda, Mexico Tunisia export ITA +II goods merchandise exports. Viet Nam Mexico, ICT goods form lion' share respective ITA +II goods exports. Bermuda Tunisia, Dominican Republic TFYR Macedonia, contrast, significant share ITA +II exports -ICT goods. Examples goods parts aircraft/spacecraft (Bermuda), electric conductors (Tunisia), instruments appliances medical/surgical/veterinary sciences (Dominican Republic), filtering/purifying machinery gases (TFYR Macedonia). Table 5. Top exporters terms ITA +II goods share total merchandise trade, 2013 Top 10 ITA II participants share ITA goods total merchandise exports Economy ICT goods ($ million) ITA +II goods ($ million) ICT goods share total exports (%) ITA +II goods share total exports (%) China, Hong Kong SAR 222,339 285,541 42% 53% Singapore 122,812 162,489 30% 40% China 605,756 762,794 27% 35% Malaysia 64,407 77,287 28% 34% Korea, Republic 107,127 175,748 19% 31% Costa Rica 2,509 3,526 22% 31% Malta 979 1,285 19% 25% Japan 61,813 163,071 9% 23% Czech Republic 21,075 33,560 13% 21% Hungary 15,949 22,361 15% 21% Top 10 -ITA II participants share ITA goods total merchandise exports Economy ICT goods ($ million) ITA +II goods ($ million) ICT goods share total exports (%) ITA +II goods share total exports (%) Viet Nam* 32,395 35,210 25% 27% Bermuda 2 5 10% 22% Mexico 61,804 83,342 16% 22% Tunisia 997 3,568 6% 21% Dominican Republic* 76 914 1% 11% Antigua Barbuda 2 3 5% 8% TFYR Macedonia 15 347 0% 8% Indonesia* 6,600 9,664 4% 5% Tonga 0 1 3% 5% South Africa 1,161 4,425 1% 5% World 1,922,332 2,865,304 11% 16% Note: * Member ITA . Data missing Taiwan (province China) participates ITA ITA II. Source: UNCTAD based UN COMTRADE data. 11 Figure 4. Exports ICT goods total destination top 10 exporters, status participation ITA II, 2013 Source: UNCTAD based UN COMTRADE data. Figure 4 shows destination ICT goods exports top 10 exporters, ITA II participants (upper part chart), -ITA II participants ( part chart). Exports -ITA II economies benefit provisions ITA II. top ten ITA II participants sell 60% ICT goods exports ITA II member markets. proportion ITA II markets destination ranges 61% United States 96% Taiwan, province China. absolute , China ($72 billion) United States ($52 billion) export ICT goods -ITA II participating countries, Hong Kong (China) ($19 billion), Republic Korea ($17 billion) Singapore ($14 billion). -ITA II participants, variation destination ICT goods exports. share -participants destination ranges 4% Mexico, Morocco Tunisia, 84% Saudi Arabia. -ITA II markets dominant destination ICT goods exports Saudi Arabia (84%), South Africa (78%), Russian Federation (74%) Brazil (55%). absolute terms, Viet Nam exports ICT goods -ITA II markets ($8 billion), India ($2.5 billion), Mexico ($2 billion) Russian Federation ($1.6 billion). Conclusions Due pervasive nature, ICTs generate multitude social economic effects shown UNCTAD Information Economy Reports.13 Making ICTs affordable, , lowering import duties, lead higher adoption rates complexity application. ICT 13 UNCTAD Information Economy Report series downloaded free charge : www.unctad.org/ier. 12 sector , ICTs boost competitiveness sectors ICT goods intermediate inputs, facilitate participation global chains. background, amendment WTO ITA agreement relevance analysis ICT development. note compared trade ICT goods defined Partnership Measuring ICT Development trade goods covered WTO ITA agreement revised July 2015. Representing global market $3 trillion, goods included original ITA (ITA ) revised ITA list (ITA II), 18% world merchandise imports. ITA revision resulted expanded coverage ICT goods ( consumer electronic equipment) goods ( medical appliances instruments). result, quarter ITA +II product codes defined ICT goods, 38% product codes ITA . terms, , ICT goods dominate share 66% ITA +II goods imports. expansion means greater share ICT goods expected receive duty free treatment ITA II participating economies, agreement implemented. ITA +II product list encompasses 99% global ICT goods imports. revision led increased coverage notably consumer electronic equipment. product coverage expanded, number participants smaller case ITA II. , developing transition economies signed ITA ITA II. ITA II participant Africa (Mauritius) Latin America (Colombia, Costa Rica Guatemala). ITA II participant Commonwealth Independent States. Developing Asian economies represented, ITA . top exporters importers ITA +II goods signatories ITA II. ITA II participants top 10 traders products Mexico. ITA II participants exports ITA +II goods $10 billion Viet Nam India. Exports - ITA II participant economies members WTO benefit reduction duties imports ITA participant economies. import side, -ITA II participants related imports $10 billion top 10 ITA II participants: Mexico, India, Russian Federation, Viet Nam, Brazil, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia South Africa.14 Consumers economies benefit duty-free provisions ITA II implementation. order assess full impact ITA expansion participating -participating economies, , broader analysis required. analysis account differences tariff structure, intra-industry trade role policies seize benefits trade liberalization.15 14 , India, Indonesia, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia Viet Nam members ITA . 15 , UNCTAD study analyzed implications Tunisia joining ITA, terms customs revenue, expected impact trade flows wider impacts economy, : http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ditctncd2014d1_en.pdf. 13 Annex 1. Table 1. ICT goods product codes covered ITA +II Commodity Code HS2007 World imports 2013, $ Commodity description ICT category 852859 8,831,729,552 monitors, kind solely/principally automatic data processing system heading 84.71 -Consumer electronic equipment 853110 3,899,883,461 Burglar/fire alarms & similar apparatus -Communication equipment 852873 448,464,524 reception apparatus television, / incorporating radio-broadcast receivers/sound/video recording/reproducing apparatus, black & white/ monochrome -Consumer electronic equipment 854020 388,809,243 Television camera tubes; image converters & intensifiers; photo-cathode tubes - Electronic components 854079 353,135,390 Microwave tubes ... 85.40 - Electronic components 854089 289,483,245 Valves & tubes ... 85.40 - Electronic components 854011 277,043,981 Cathode-ray television picture tubes, . video monitor cathode-ray tubes, colour - Electronic components 854071 248,739,866 Magnetrons - Electronic components 854099 160,797,564 Parts tubes 85.40 cathode-ray tubes - Electronic components 851930 159,568,619 Turntables (record-decks) -Consumer electronic equipment 854081 126,403,354 Receiver/amplifier valves & tubes - Electronic components 851920 78,629,518 Apparatus operated coins, banknotes, bank cards, tokens/ means payment -Consumer electronic equipment 852210 64,865,915 Pick- cartridges solely/principally apparatus 85.19-85.21 -Consumer electronic equipment 854040 63,334,659 Data/graphic display tubes, colour, phosphor dot screen pitch smaller 0.4mm - Electronic components 854091 54,835,297 Parts cathode-ray tubes - Electronic components 854060 46,036,616 Cathode-ray tubes ... 85.40 - Electronic components 854012 10,699,738 Cathode-ray television picture tubes, . video monitor cathode-ray tubes, black & white/ monochrome - Electronic components 854072 1,245,863 Klystrons - Electronic components 854050 179,352 Data/graphic display tubes, black & white/ monochrome - Electronic components 14 Table 2. Goods covered ITA +II defined ICT goods Commodi- ty code HS2007 World imports 2013, $ Commodity description 901380 66,265,480,702 Liquid crystal devices constituting articles specifically headings; optical appliances & instr., ... Ch.90 844399 61,854,222,433 parts & accessories printing machinery excl. 8443.91 850440 50,135,103,972 Static converters 901890 45,490,741,759 Instruments & appliances medical/surgical/veterinary sciences, . electro-medical apparatus & sight-testing instr., ... 90.18 853690 36,981,499,820 Electrical apparatus switching/protecting electrical circuits,/ making connections / electrical circuits, ... 85.36, voltage >1000V 847989 33,055,935,232 machines & mechanical appliances, Machines & mechanical appliances treating metal, . electric wire coil- winders/Mixing/kneading/crushing /grinding/screening/sifting/homogenising/emulsifying/stirring machines 854370 29,311,796,690 machines & apparatus electrical machines & apparatus, machines & apparatus electroplating/ electrolysis/electrophoresis/signal generators/particle accelerators. 853890 28,628,678,294 Parts suit. solely/principally apparatus 85.35/85.36/85.37 (excl. 8538.10) 854442 25,042,318,399 electric conductors, voltage > 1,000 , fitted connectors 854449 24,407,140,512 electric conductors, voltage > 1,000 , fitted connectors 852340 20,546,912,326 Optical media recording sound/ phenomena, excl. products Ch. 37. 903180 19,757,279,300 Measuring/checking instr., apparatus& machines, ... Ch. 90 853650 18,252,464,633 Switches isolating switches & -&-break switches, voltage >1000V 842139 17,142,453,138 Filtering/purifying machinery & apparatus gases, intake air filters internal combustion engines 853669 15,722,610,840 Plugs & sockets voltage >1000V 847990 14,659,137,562 Parts Machines & mechanical appliances individual functions, /incld. Ch.. 853224 13,983,638,694 Fixed electrical capacitors, 8532.10, ceramic dielectric, multilayer 848620 12,898,961,739 Machines & apparatus manufacture semiconductor devices/ electronic integrated circuits 852691 12,152,598,833 Radio navigational aid apparatus 902190 11,976,475,485 Appliances worn/carried/implanted body, compensate defect/disability (excl. 9021.10-9021.50) 850490 11,778,238,358 Parts machines 85.04 850450 11,596,013,234 Inductors, ... (excl. cathode ray tubes) 842199 11,445,125,329 Parts filtering/purifying machinery & apparatus 84.21 (excl. centrifuges, . centrifugal dryers) 902780 11,206,919,082 Instruments & apparatus physical/chemical analysis, ... 90.27 848690 10,899,375,819 Parts & accessories machines & apparatus kind solely/principally manufacture semiconductor boules/wafers, semiconductor devices, electronic integrated circuits/flat panel displays; machines & apparatus Note 9 () 15 841950 9,970,986,906 Heat exchange units, / electrically heated 902790 9,960,684,245 Microtomes; parts & accessories instr. & apparatus 90.27 841459 9,619,112,551 Fans, table/floor/wall/window/ceiling/roof fans, -contained electric motor output >125W 901390 9,271,592,216 Parts & accessories articles 90.13 901819 8,652,481,319 Electro-diagnostic apparatus medical/surgical/dental/veterinary sciences (. apparatus functional exploratory examination/ checking physiological parameters), ... 90.18 381800 8,317,678,647 Chemical elements doped electronics, form discs/wafers/similar forms; chemical comps. doped electronics 390799 7,986,814,416 Polyesters (excl. 3907.10-3907.91), primary forms 853120 7,915,187,394 Indicator panels incorporating liquid crystal devices (Lchemically defined)/light emitting diodes (LED) 900190 7,774,368,877 Lenses (excl. 9001.30-9001.50), prisms, mirrors & optical elements, material, unmounted, elements glass optically worked 843139 7,468,047,551 parts suitable solely/principally machinery (exluding 84.25, 84.27, 84.28, & lifts,skip hoists/escalators). 842129 7,399,800,667 Filtering/purifying machinery & apparatus liquids (excl. 8421.21-8421.23) 950490 7,158,627,420 Articles funfair/table/parlour games (excl. playing cards), . pintables, special tables casino games & auto. bowling alley equip. 854390 7,083,013,917 Parts electrical machines & apparatus, individual functions, /incld. Ch.. 902620 7,038,158,290 Instruments & apparatus measuring/checking pressure 902290 6,924,379,306 -ray generators (excl. tubes), high tension generators, control panels & desks, screens, examination/treatment tables, chairs& 900120 6,884,165,728 Sheets & plates polarising material 903190 6,868,941,376 Parts & accessories instr., apparatus & machines 90.31 350691 6,586,357,308 Adhesives based polymers 39.01-39.13/based rubber 847790 6,405,392,446 Parts Machinery working rubber/plastics/ manufacture products materials, /incld. Ch.. 902750 6,265,404,448 Instruments & apparatus physical/chemical analysis, optical radiations (UV, visible, IR), ... 90.27 902150 6,008,698,060 Pacemakers stimulating heart muscles (excl. parts & accessories) 852329 6,001,022,714 Magnetic media recording sound/ phenomena, excl. products Ch. 37., cards incorporating magnetic stripe 841990 5,925,003,953 Parts machinery, plant/laboratory equipment, / electrically heated (excl. furnaces, ovens & equipment heading 85.14), treatment materials process involving change temperature heating, cooking, roasting 846693 5,916,118,537 Parts & accessories machines heading 84.56 84.61 370790 5,785,308,983 Chemical preparations photographic ( varnishes, glues, adhesives&similar preparations); unmixed products photographic , put measured portions/put retail sale form ready (excl. 3707.10) 903040 5,511,364,186 Instruments & apparatus specially designed telecommunications (.., cross-talk meters, gain measuring instr., distortion factor meters, psophometers) 853222 5,265,907,075 Fixed electrical capacitors, 8532.10, aluminium electrolytic 902610 5,128,670,198 Instruments & apparatus measuring/checking flow/level liquids 16 902710 5,044,424,906 Gas/smoke analysis apparatus 902214 5,012,523,449 Apparatus based -rays (excl. 9022.12), medical/surgical/veterinary 842490 4,900,211,169 Parts mechanical appliances (/ hand-operated) projecting, dispersing/spraying liquids/powders; fire extinguishers, / charged; spray guns & similar appliances; steam/sand blasting machines & similar jet projecting machines. 854470 4,890,164,549 Optical fibre cables 903149 4,748,557,872 optical instruments & appliances , 9031.41 901812 4,647,772,037 Ultrasonic scanning apparatus 842489 4,638,219,541 mechanical appliances (/ hand-operated) projecting, dispersing/spraying liquids/powders; excl. 8424.10, 8424.20, 8424.30, 8424.81 903090 4,637,714,352 Parts & accessories instr. & apparatus 90.30 901813 4,521,026,719 Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus 902690 4,410,944,874 Parts & accessories instr. & appliances 90.26 901580 4,292,495,138 Surveying/hydrographic/oceanographic/hydrological/meteorological/geophysical instr. & appliances (excl. compasses), ... 90.15 853630 4,126,093,323 Apparatus protecting electrical circuits (excl. 8536.10 & 8536.20), voltage >1000V 853190 4,095,824,803 Parts apparatus 85.31 853321 4,007,020,462 Fixed electrical resistors (excl. fixed carbon resistors, composition/film types), power handling capacity >20W 901420 3,914,701,474 Instruments & appliances aeronautical/space navigation (excl. compasses) 900219 3,905,425,246 Objective lenses (excl. 9002.11), material, mounted 848630 3,835,115,336 Machines & apparatus manufacture flat panel displays 846694 3,821,863,194 Parts & accessories machines heading 84.62 84.63 854890 3,743,371,136 electrical parts machinery/apparatus, /incld. Ch., waste & scrap primary cells/primary batteries & electric accumulators/ spent primary cells/ spent primary batteries & spent electric accumulators 901850 3,674,540,582 Ophthalmic instr. & appliances ... 90.18 848640 3,551,049,460 Machines & apparatus Note 9 () Ch. 853810 3,522,038,761 Boards, panels, consoles, desks, cabinets & bases goods 85.37, equipped apparatus 845610 3,516,703,788 Machine-tools working material removal material, operated laser/ light/photon beam processes 880390 3,504,587,123 Parts goods 88.01/88.02, ... 88.03 853340 3,498,081,904 Electrical resistors (excl. heating resistors, light dependent resistors), ... 85.33 950430 3,488,031,028 Games video games/billiards, operated coins/banknotes (paper currency)/discs/ similar articles (excl. bowling alley equip.) 902730 3,425,344,339 Spectrometers, spectrophotometers & spectrographs optical radiations (UV, visible, IR) 902212 3,382,438,054 Computed tomography apparatus 17 847340 3,275,029,399 Parts & accessories machines heading 84.72 702000 3,138,583,607 articles glass. 851590 3,088,875,786 Parts electric (. electrically heated gas), laser/ light/photon beam, ultrasonic, electron beam, magnetic pulse/plasma arc soldering, brazing/welding machines & apparatus, / capable cutting; electric machines & apparatus 901590 3,034,390,676 Parts & accessories instr. & appliances 90.15 902680 2,970,505,298 Instruments & apparatus measuring/checking flow/level/pressure/ variables liquids/gases (.., flow meters, level gauges, manometers, heat meter), excld instru/apparatus heading 90.14 & 90.15, 90.28 844391 2,715,497,222 Parts & accessories printing machinery printing means plates, cylinders & printing components heading 84.42 902720 2,698,910,443 Chromatographs & electrophoresis instr. 370130 2,695,359,193 Photographic plates & film flat (excl. film -rays, instant print film), sensitised, unexposed, material paper/paperboard/textiles, side >255mm 850590 2,571,794,750 , . parts electro-magnets; electro-magnetic/permanent magnet chucks, clamps & similar holding devices; electro-magnetic lifting heads 853180 2,472,077,624 Electric sound/visual signalling apparatus (.., bells/sirens/indicator panels/burglar/fire alarms), 85.12/85.30, ... 85.31 902300 2,428,253,210 Instruments, apparatus & models designed demonstrational purposes (.., education/exhibitions), unsuit. 852692 2,368,386,748 Radio remote control apparatus 902519 2,361,073,878 Thermometers & pyrometers, combined instr. (excl. 9025.11) 853221 2,359,574,582 Fixed electrical capacitors, 8532.10, tantalum 852610 2,261,250,678 Radar apparatus 902219 2,221,530,877 Apparatus based -rays (excl. 9022.12), dental/medical/surgical/veterinary 900290 2,182,690,639 Lenses, prisms, mirrors & otheroptical elements, material, mounted, parts /fittings instr./apparatus (excl. elements glass optically worked), ... 90.02 903141 2,127,982,143 Optical instr. & appliances inspecting semiconductor wafers/devices/ inspecting photomasks/reticles manufacturing semiconductor devices (excl. 9030.82) 853229 2,058,830,876 Fixed electrical capacitors, ... 85.32 903082 2,021,890,974 Instruments & apparatus measuring/checking semiconductor wafers/devices 902830 1,999,192,961 Electricity meters, . calibrating meters therefor 902890 1,972,692,167 Parts & accessories meters 90.28 903033 1,953,699,998 instruments & apparatus, measuring/checking voltage, current, resistance/power, recording device, 9030.31 & 9030.32, 903089 1,745,302,670 instruments & apparatusspecially designed telecommunications, exclud. 9030.82/84 902230 1,688,232,085 -ray tubes 847590 1,683,268,028 Parts machines 84.75 853225 1,648,262,486 Fixed electrical capacitors, 8532.10, dielectric paper/plastics 901490 1,618,453,837 Parts & accessories navigational instr. & appliances 90.14 18 853939 1,605,329,705 Electric discharge lamps (excl. ultra-violet lamps; excl. 8539.31 & 8539.32) 844339 1,528,727,093 printers, copying machines & facsimile machines, / combined , excl. 8443.31 & 8443.32 844250 1,435,923,407 Printing type, blocks, plates, cylinders & printing components; blocks, plates, cylinders & lithographic stones, prepared printing purposes (.., planed/grained/polished) 901210 1,396,555,230 Microscopes optical microscopes; diffraction apparatus 901480 1,377,278,669 Navigational instr. & appliances (excl. 9014.10 & 9014.20) 854330 1,330,759,109 Machines & apparatus electroplating/electrolysis/electrophoresis 847329 1,326,050,628 Parts & accessories (excl. covers, carrying cases & ) suit. solely/principally machines 84.70 headings . 8473.21 903010 1,148,457,300 Instruments & apparatus measuring/detecting ionising radiations 902480 1,126,850,673 Machines & appliances testing hardness/strength/compressibility/elasticity/ mechanical properties materials metals 902590 1,103,859,432 Parts & accessories instr. 90.25 903281 1,097,122,497 Hydraulic/pneumatic auto. regulating/controlling instr. & apparatus 903039 1,079,685,653 Instruments & apparatus measuring/checking voltage/current/resistance/power (excl. 9030.31), recording device 851490 1,061,647,740 Parts Industrial/laboratory electric furnaces & ovens (. functioning induction/dielectric loss); industrial/laboratory equipment heat treatment materials induction/dielectric loss. 880529 1,054,157,832 Ground flying trainers air combat simulators, & parts thereof 853329 1,026,784,306 Fixed electrical resistors (excl. fixed carbon resistors, composition/film types), ... 85.33 851430 1,022,976,739 furnaces & ovens Resistance heated furnaces & ovens/ Furnaces & ovens functioning induction/dielectric loss 880260 1,003,053,958 Spacecraft (. satellites) & suborbital & spacecraft launch vehicles 854320 991,040,685 Signal generators 848610 955,269,839 Machines & apparatus manufacture boules/wafers 903084 951,610,731 instruments & apparatusspecially designed telecommunications, recording device 850870 935,454,615 Parts vacuum cleaners 847010 919,992,993 Electronic calculators capable operation external source electric power & pocket-size data recording, repr. & displaying machines calculating functions 842191 918,593,150 Parts centrifuges, . centrifugal dryers. 901180 907,381,240 Compound optical microscopes (excl. 9011.10 & 9011.20) 853223 887,087,476 Fixed electrical capacitors, 8532.10, ceramic dielectric, single layer 842010 871,768,011 Calendering/ rolling machines (excl. metals/glass) 903020 863,010,380 Oscilloscopes & oscillographs 903220 857,367,926 Manostats 847690 852,595,091 Parts machines 84.76 19 842390 834,234,398 Weighing machine wts. kinds; parts weighing machinery 902213 754,890,534 Apparatus based -rays (excl. 9022.12), dental 853210 714,282,883 Electrical capacitors, fixed, designed 50/60Hz circuits & reactive power handling capacity <0.5 kvar (power capacitors) 901811 702,841,199 Electro-cardiographs 900220 692,385,732 Filters (.., optical elements), material, mounted 853290 684,278,735 Parts electrical capacitors 85.32 370590 663,929,208 Photographic plates & film, exposed&developed, cinematographic film (excl. 3705.10) 901310 660,112,893 Telescopic sights fitting arms; periscopes; telescopes designed form parts machines/appliances/instr./apparatus Ch90./Section XVI 853310 658,979,990 Fixed carbon electrical resistors, composition/film types 901190 656,471,290 Parts & accessories compound optical microscopes, . photomicrography, cinephotomicrography/microprojection. 901510 651,489,767 Rangefinders 847310 647,177,023 Parts & accessories (excl. covers, carrying cases & ) suit. solely/principally machines 84.69 842381 637,552,122 Weighing machinery (excl. 8423.10-8423.30), maximum weighing capacity >30kg 901290 634,465,923 Parts & accessories Microscopes optical microscopes; diffraction apparatus. 847090 615,588,161 electronic calculating machines, ... 84.70 902410 601,336,732 Machines & appliances testing hardness/strength/compressibility/elasticity/ mechanical properties metals 846691 586,274,640 Parts & accessories machines heading 84.64 902221 569,855,410 Apparatus based alpha/beta/gamma radiations, medical/surgical/dental/veterinary , . radiography/radiotherapy apparatus 853390 567,644,649 Parts electrical resistors 85.33 903110 565,792,695 Machines balancing mechanical parts 851440 560,586,867 Equipment heat treatment materials induction/dielectric loss, ... 85.14 903031 528,814,713 Multimeters 901520 527,901,611 Theodolites & tachymeters (tacheometers) 844230 527,363,700 Machinery, apparatus & equipment 901110 515,631,789 Stereoscopic microscopes 370199 509,879,212 Photographic plates & film flat, sensitised, unexposed, material paper/paperboard/textiles, ... Ch.37 842382 502,463,354 Weighing machinery (excl. 8423.10-8423.30), maximum weighing capacity >30 kg >5000kg 901050 489,904,654 apparatus & equipment photographic (. cinematographic) laboratories; negatoscopes 851519 458,287,475 brazing/soldering machines & apparatus , Soldering irons & guns 20 842330 428,790,926 Constant weight scales & scales discharging predetermined weight material bag/container, . hopper scales 901410 424,440,089 Direction finding compasses 902229 423,713,026 Apparatus based alpha/beta/gamma radiations, medical/surgical/dental/veterinary, . radiography/radiotherapy apparatus 902490 393,873,387 Parts & accessories machines & appliances 90.24 853230 360,374,496 Variable/adjustable (pre-set) electrical capacitors 901820 324,504,808 Ultra-violet/infra-red ray apparatus medical/surgical/dental/veterinary sciences 847689 280,820,098 Automatic goods-vending machines beverage-vending machines, incorporating heating/refrigerating devices 901720 273,426,397 drawing, marking-/mathematical calculating instruments 842389 261,560,929 Weighing machinery (excl. balances sensitivity 5cg/; excl. 8423.10-8423.82) 901060 256,435,229 Projection screens 847321 253,713,110 Parts & accessories (excl. covers, carrying cases & ) suit. solely/principally electronic calculating machines 8470.10/8470.21/8470.29 903032 253,149,565 Multimeters recording device 844240 243,683,942 Parts machinery/apparatus/equip. 8442.10-8442.30 901790 223,162,903 Parts & accessories 90.17 901090 206,937,574 Parts & accessories Apparatus & equipment photographic (. cinematographic) laboratories, negatoscopes; projection screens, /incld. Ch.; 853339 189,973,150 Wirewound variable electrical resistors, . rheostats & potentiometers (excl. heating resistors), ... 85.33 842320 180,228,218 Scales continuous weighing goods conveyors 901540 163,687,837 Photogrammetrical surveying instr. & appliances 847021 123,957,610 Digital auto. data processing machines 8470.10, incorporating printing device 853331 122,368,149 Wirewound variable electrical resistors, . rheostats & potentiometers (excl. heating resistors), power handling capacity >20W 847029 118,397,693 Digital auto. data processing machines 8470.10, incorporating printing device 880521 109,509,214 Air combat simulators & parts thereof 847521 101,394,702 Machines making optical fibres & preforms thereof 847210 60,009,911 Duplicating machines 901710 54,596,554 Drafting tables & machines, / auto. 847030 40,810,853 Calculating machines (excl. 8470.10-8470.29) 846900 38,263,891 Typewriters printers heading 84.43; word-processing machines. UN CTA UNITED NATIONS UNCTAD Technical Notes ICT Development 01. Implications Applying Definition «ICT Goods», 2011 02. Updating Partnership Definition ICT Goods HS 2007 HS 2012, January 2014 03. International Trade ICT Services ICT-enabled Services: Proposed Indicators Partnership Measuring ICT Development, October 2015 04. Global Assessment Sex-disaggregated ICT Employment Statistics: Data Availability Challenges Measurement Compilation, July 2015 05. Trade ICT Goods 2015 Expansion WTO Information Technology Agreement, December 2015 information UNCTAD› work ICT Development contact: ICT Analysis Section Division Tehcnology Logistics www.unctad.org/ict4d ict4d@unctad.org Follow Twitter: @ICT4DatUNCTAD Cover_TN_ICT4D_05 ITA ICT goods_10Dec2015_clean cover template TN_ICT4D5